]> git.r.bdr.sh - rbdr/mobius/blobdiff - hotline/transaction_handlers.go
Extensive refactor and clean up
[rbdr/mobius] / hotline / transaction_handlers.go
index 0fb250f2cd60e761e62516dab9b93eabdffcafd0..ead394a50775b198491e9f60de7cafc04e955e52 100644 (file)
@@ -4,251 +4,78 @@ import (
        "bufio"
        "bytes"
        "encoding/binary"
-       "errors"
        "fmt"
-       "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
        "io"
        "math/big"
        "os"
        "path"
        "path/filepath"
-       "sort"
        "strings"
        "time"
 )
 
-type HandlerFunc func(*ClientConn, *Transaction) ([]Transaction, error)
-
-type TransactionType struct {
-       Handler        HandlerFunc // function for handling the transaction type
-       Name           string      // Name of transaction as it will appear in logging
-       RequiredFields []requiredField
+// HandlerFunc is the signature of a func to handle a Hotline transaction.
+type HandlerFunc func(*ClientConn, *Transaction) []Transaction
+
+// TransactionHandlers maps a transaction type to a handler function.
+var TransactionHandlers = map[TranType]HandlerFunc{
+       TranAgreed:             HandleTranAgreed,
+       TranChatSend:           HandleChatSend,
+       TranDelNewsArt:         HandleDelNewsArt,
+       TranDelNewsItem:        HandleDelNewsItem,
+       TranDeleteFile:         HandleDeleteFile,
+       TranDeleteUser:         HandleDeleteUser,
+       TranDisconnectUser:     HandleDisconnectUser,
+       TranDownloadFile:       HandleDownloadFile,
+       TranDownloadFldr:       HandleDownloadFolder,
+       TranGetClientInfoText:  HandleGetClientInfoText,
+       TranGetFileInfo:        HandleGetFileInfo,
+       TranGetFileNameList:    HandleGetFileNameList,
+       TranGetMsgs:            HandleGetMsgs,
+       TranGetNewsArtData:     HandleGetNewsArtData,
+       TranGetNewsArtNameList: HandleGetNewsArtNameList,
+       TranGetNewsCatNameList: HandleGetNewsCatNameList,
+       TranGetUser:            HandleGetUser,
+       TranGetUserNameList:    HandleGetUserNameList,
+       TranInviteNewChat:      HandleInviteNewChat,
+       TranInviteToChat:       HandleInviteToChat,
+       TranJoinChat:           HandleJoinChat,
+       TranKeepAlive:          HandleKeepAlive,
+       TranLeaveChat:          HandleLeaveChat,
+       TranListUsers:          HandleListUsers,
+       TranMoveFile:           HandleMoveFile,
+       TranNewFolder:          HandleNewFolder,
+       TranNewNewsCat:         HandleNewNewsCat,
+       TranNewNewsFldr:        HandleNewNewsFldr,
+       TranNewUser:            HandleNewUser,
+       TranUpdateUser:         HandleUpdateUser,
+       TranOldPostNews:        HandleTranOldPostNews,
+       TranPostNewsArt:        HandlePostNewsArt,
+       TranRejectChatInvite:   HandleRejectChatInvite,
+       TranSendInstantMsg:     HandleSendInstantMsg,
+       TranSetChatSubject:     HandleSetChatSubject,
+       TranMakeFileAlias:      HandleMakeAlias,
+       TranSetClientUserInfo:  HandleSetClientUserInfo,
+       TranSetFileInfo:        HandleSetFileInfo,
+       TranSetUser:            HandleSetUser,
+       TranUploadFile:         HandleUploadFile,
+       TranUploadFldr:         HandleUploadFolder,
+       TranUserBroadcast:      HandleUserBroadcast,
+       TranDownloadBanner:     HandleDownloadBanner,
 }
 
-var TransactionHandlers = map[uint16]TransactionType{
-       // Server initiated
-       TranChatMsg: {
-               Name: "TranChatMsg",
-       },
-       // Server initiated
-       TranNotifyChangeUser: {
-               Name: "TranNotifyChangeUser",
-       },
-       TranError: {
-               Name: "TranError",
-       },
-       TranShowAgreement: {
-               Name: "TranShowAgreement",
-       },
-       TranUserAccess: {
-               Name: "TranUserAccess",
-       },
-       TranNotifyDeleteUser: {
-               Name: "TranNotifyDeleteUser",
-       },
-       TranAgreed: {
-               Name:    "TranAgreed",
-               Handler: HandleTranAgreed,
-       },
-       TranChatSend: {
-               Name:    "TranChatSend",
-               Handler: HandleChatSend,
-               RequiredFields: []requiredField{
-                       {
-                               ID:     FieldData,
-                               minLen: 0,
-                       },
-               },
-       },
-       TranDelNewsArt: {
-               Name:    "TranDelNewsArt",
-               Handler: HandleDelNewsArt,
-       },
-       TranDelNewsItem: {
-               Name:    "TranDelNewsItem",
-               Handler: HandleDelNewsItem,
-       },
-       TranDeleteFile: {
-               Name:    "TranDeleteFile",
-               Handler: HandleDeleteFile,
-       },
-       TranDeleteUser: {
-               Name:    "TranDeleteUser",
-               Handler: HandleDeleteUser,
-       },
-       TranDisconnectUser: {
-               Name:    "TranDisconnectUser",
-               Handler: HandleDisconnectUser,
-       },
-       TranDownloadFile: {
-               Name:    "TranDownloadFile",
-               Handler: HandleDownloadFile,
-       },
-       TranDownloadFldr: {
-               Name:    "TranDownloadFldr",
-               Handler: HandleDownloadFolder,
-       },
-       TranGetClientInfoText: {
-               Name:    "TranGetClientInfoText",
-               Handler: HandleGetClientInfoText,
-       },
-       TranGetFileInfo: {
-               Name:    "TranGetFileInfo",
-               Handler: HandleGetFileInfo,
-       },
-       TranGetFileNameList: {
-               Name:    "TranGetFileNameList",
-               Handler: HandleGetFileNameList,
-       },
-       TranGetMsgs: {
-               Name:    "TranGetMsgs",
-               Handler: HandleGetMsgs,
-       },
-       TranGetNewsArtData: {
-               Name:    "TranGetNewsArtData",
-               Handler: HandleGetNewsArtData,
-       },
-       TranGetNewsArtNameList: {
-               Name:    "TranGetNewsArtNameList",
-               Handler: HandleGetNewsArtNameList,
-       },
-       TranGetNewsCatNameList: {
-               Name:    "TranGetNewsCatNameList",
-               Handler: HandleGetNewsCatNameList,
-       },
-       TranGetUser: {
-               Name:    "TranGetUser",
-               Handler: HandleGetUser,
-       },
-       TranGetUserNameList: {
-               Name:    "tranHandleGetUserNameList",
-               Handler: HandleGetUserNameList,
-       },
-       TranInviteNewChat: {
-               Name:    "TranInviteNewChat",
-               Handler: HandleInviteNewChat,
-       },
-       TranInviteToChat: {
-               Name:    "TranInviteToChat",
-               Handler: HandleInviteToChat,
-       },
-       TranJoinChat: {
-               Name:    "TranJoinChat",
-               Handler: HandleJoinChat,
-       },
-       TranKeepAlive: {
-               Name:    "TranKeepAlive",
-               Handler: HandleKeepAlive,
-       },
-       TranLeaveChat: {
-               Name:    "TranJoinChat",
-               Handler: HandleLeaveChat,
-       },
-       TranListUsers: {
-               Name:    "TranListUsers",
-               Handler: HandleListUsers,
-       },
-       TranMoveFile: {
-               Name:    "TranMoveFile",
-               Handler: HandleMoveFile,
-       },
-       TranNewFolder: {
-               Name:    "TranNewFolder",
-               Handler: HandleNewFolder,
-       },
-       TranNewNewsCat: {
-               Name:    "TranNewNewsCat",
-               Handler: HandleNewNewsCat,
-       },
-       TranNewNewsFldr: {
-               Name:    "TranNewNewsFldr",
-               Handler: HandleNewNewsFldr,
-       },
-       TranNewUser: {
-               Name:    "TranNewUser",
-               Handler: HandleNewUser,
-       },
-       TranUpdateUser: {
-               Name:    "TranUpdateUser",
-               Handler: HandleUpdateUser,
-       },
-       TranOldPostNews: {
-               Name:    "TranOldPostNews",
-               Handler: HandleTranOldPostNews,
-       },
-       TranPostNewsArt: {
-               Name:    "TranPostNewsArt",
-               Handler: HandlePostNewsArt,
-       },
-       TranRejectChatInvite: {
-               Name:    "TranRejectChatInvite",
-               Handler: HandleRejectChatInvite,
-       },
-       TranSendInstantMsg: {
-               Name:    "TranSendInstantMsg",
-               Handler: HandleSendInstantMsg,
-               RequiredFields: []requiredField{
-                       {
-                               ID:     FieldData,
-                               minLen: 0,
-                       },
-                       {
-                               ID: FieldUserID,
-                       },
-               },
-       },
-       TranSetChatSubject: {
-               Name:    "TranSetChatSubject",
-               Handler: HandleSetChatSubject,
-       },
-       TranMakeFileAlias: {
-               Name:    "TranMakeFileAlias",
-               Handler: HandleMakeAlias,
-               RequiredFields: []requiredField{
-                       {ID: FieldFileName, minLen: 1},
-                       {ID: FieldFilePath, minLen: 1},
-                       {ID: FieldFileNewPath, minLen: 1},
-               },
-       },
-       TranSetClientUserInfo: {
-               Name:    "TranSetClientUserInfo",
-               Handler: HandleSetClientUserInfo,
-       },
-       TranSetFileInfo: {
-               Name:    "TranSetFileInfo",
-               Handler: HandleSetFileInfo,
-       },
-       TranSetUser: {
-               Name:    "TranSetUser",
-               Handler: HandleSetUser,
-       },
-       TranUploadFile: {
-               Name:    "TranUploadFile",
-               Handler: HandleUploadFile,
-       },
-       TranUploadFldr: {
-               Name:    "TranUploadFldr",
-               Handler: HandleUploadFolder,
-       },
-       TranUserBroadcast: {
-               Name:    "TranUserBroadcast",
-               Handler: HandleUserBroadcast,
-       },
-       TranDownloadBanner: {
-               Name:    "TranDownloadBanner",
-               Handler: HandleDownloadBanner,
-       },
-}
+// The total size of a chat message data field is 8192 bytes.
+const chatMsgLimit = 8192
 
-func HandleChatSend(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessSendChat) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to participate in chat."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleChatSend(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessSendChat) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to participate in chat.")
        }
 
        // Truncate long usernames
-       trunc := fmt.Sprintf("%13s", cc.UserName)
-       formattedMsg := fmt.Sprintf("\r%.14s:  %s", trunc, t.GetField(FieldData).Data)
+       // %13.13s: This means a string that is right-aligned in a field of 13 characters.
+       // If the string is longer than 13 characters, it will be truncated to 13 characters.
+       formattedMsg := fmt.Sprintf("\r%13.13s:  %s", cc.UserName, t.GetField(FieldData).Data)
 
        // By holding the option key, Hotline chat allows users to send /me formatted messages like:
        // *** Halcyon does stuff
@@ -258,41 +85,45 @@ func HandleChatSend(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err erro
                formattedMsg = fmt.Sprintf("\r*** %s %s", cc.UserName, t.GetField(FieldData).Data)
        }
 
+       // Truncate the message to the limit.  This does not handle the edge case of a string ending on multibyte character.
+       formattedMsg = formattedMsg[:min(len(formattedMsg), chatMsgLimit)]
+
        // The ChatID field is used to identify messages as belonging to a private chat.
        // All clients *except* Frogblast omit this field for public chat, but Frogblast sends a value of 00 00 00 00.
        chatID := t.GetField(FieldChatID).Data
        if chatID != nil && !bytes.Equal([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, chatID) {
-               chatInt := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(chatID)
-               privChat := cc.Server.PrivateChats[chatInt]
-
-               clients := sortedClients(privChat.ClientConn)
 
                // send the message to all connected clients of the private chat
-               for _, c := range clients {
-                       res = append(res, *NewTransaction(
+               for _, c := range cc.Server.ChatMgr.Members([4]byte(chatID)) {
+                       res = append(res, NewTransaction(
                                TranChatMsg,
                                c.ID,
                                NewField(FieldChatID, chatID),
                                NewField(FieldData, []byte(formattedMsg)),
                        ))
                }
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
-       for _, c := range sortedClients(cc.Server.Clients) {
-               // Filter out clients that do not have the read chat permission
-               if c.Authorize(accessReadChat) {
-                       res = append(res, *NewTransaction(TranChatMsg, c.ID, NewField(FieldData, []byte(formattedMsg))))
+       //cc.Server.mux.Lock()
+       for _, c := range cc.Server.ClientMgr.List() {
+               if c == nil || cc.Account == nil {
+                       continue
+               }
+               // Skip clients that do not have the read chat permission.
+               if c.Authorize(AccessReadChat) {
+                       res = append(res, NewTransaction(TranChatMsg, c.ID, NewField(FieldData, []byte(formattedMsg))))
                }
        }
+       //cc.Server.mux.Unlock()
 
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
 // HandleSendInstantMsg sends instant message to the user on the current server.
 // Fields used in the request:
 //
-//     103     User ID
+//     103     User Type
 //     113     Options
 //             One of the following values:
 //             - User message (myOpt_UserMessage = 1)
@@ -304,21 +135,20 @@ func HandleChatSend(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err erro
 //
 // Fields used in the reply:
 // None
-func HandleSendInstantMsg(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessSendPrivMsg) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to send private messages."))
-               return res, errors.New("user is not allowed to send private messages")
+func HandleSendInstantMsg(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessSendPrivMsg) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to send private messages.")
        }
 
        msg := t.GetField(FieldData)
-       ID := t.GetField(FieldUserID)
+       userID := t.GetField(FieldUserID)
 
        reply := NewTransaction(
                TranServerMsg,
-               &ID.Data,
+               [2]byte(userID.Data),
                NewField(FieldData, msg.Data),
                NewField(FieldUserName, cc.UserName),
-               NewField(FieldUserID, *cc.ID),
+               NewField(FieldUserID, cc.ID[:]),
                NewField(FieldOptions, []byte{0, 1}),
        )
 
@@ -328,77 +158,72 @@ func HandleSendInstantMsg(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, er
                reply.Fields = append(reply.Fields, NewField(FieldQuotingMsg, t.GetField(FieldQuotingMsg).Data))
        }
 
-       id, err := byteToInt(ID.Data)
-       if err != nil {
-               return res, errors.New("invalid client ID")
-       }
-       otherClient, ok := cc.Server.Clients[uint16(id)]
-       if !ok {
-               return res, errors.New("invalid client ID")
+       otherClient := cc.Server.ClientMgr.Get([2]byte(userID.Data))
+       if otherClient == nil {
+               return res
        }
 
        // Check if target user has "Refuse private messages" flag
-       flagBitmap := big.NewInt(int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(otherClient.Flags)))
-       if flagBitmap.Bit(UserFlagRefusePM) == 1 {
+       if otherClient.Flags.IsSet(UserFlagRefusePM) {
                res = append(res,
-                       *NewTransaction(
+                       NewTransaction(
                                TranServerMsg,
                                cc.ID,
                                NewField(FieldData, []byte(string(otherClient.UserName)+" does not accept private messages.")),
                                NewField(FieldUserName, otherClient.UserName),
-                               NewField(FieldUserID, *otherClient.ID),
+                               NewField(FieldUserID, otherClient.ID[:]),
                                NewField(FieldOptions, []byte{0, 2}),
                        ),
                )
        } else {
-               res = append(res, *reply)
+               res = append(res, reply)
        }
 
        // Respond with auto reply if other client has it enabled
        if len(otherClient.AutoReply) > 0 {
                res = append(res,
-                       *NewTransaction(
+                       NewTransaction(
                                TranServerMsg,
                                cc.ID,
                                NewField(FieldData, otherClient.AutoReply),
                                NewField(FieldUserName, otherClient.UserName),
-                               NewField(FieldUserID, *otherClient.ID),
+                               NewField(FieldUserID, otherClient.ID[:]),
                                NewField(FieldOptions, []byte{0, 1}),
                        ),
                )
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-
-       return res, err
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 }
 
-func HandleGetFileInfo(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
+var fileTypeFLDR = [4]byte{0x66, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x72}
+
+func HandleGetFileInfo(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
        fileName := t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data
        filePath := t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data
 
        fullFilePath, err := readPath(cc.Server.Config.FileRoot, filePath, fileName)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        fw, err := newFileWrapper(cc.Server.FS, fullFilePath, 0)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        encodedName, err := txtEncoder.String(fw.name)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, fmt.Errorf("invalid filepath encoding: %w", err)
+               return res
        }
 
        fields := []Field{
                NewField(FieldFileName, []byte(encodedName)),
                NewField(FieldFileTypeString, fw.ffo.FlatFileInformationFork.friendlyType()),
                NewField(FieldFileCreatorString, fw.ffo.FlatFileInformationFork.friendlyCreator()),
-               NewField(FieldFileType, fw.ffo.FlatFileInformationFork.TypeSignature),
-               NewField(FieldFileCreateDate, fw.ffo.FlatFileInformationFork.CreateDate),
-               NewField(FieldFileModifyDate, fw.ffo.FlatFileInformationFork.ModifyDate),
+               NewField(FieldFileType, fw.ffo.FlatFileInformationFork.TypeSignature[:]),
+               NewField(FieldFileCreateDate, fw.ffo.FlatFileInformationFork.CreateDate[:]),
+               NewField(FieldFileModifyDate, fw.ffo.FlatFileInformationFork.ModifyDate[:]),
        }
 
        // Include the optional FileComment field if there is a comment.
@@ -407,12 +232,12 @@ func HandleGetFileInfo(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err e
        }
 
        // Include the FileSize field for files.
-       if !bytes.Equal(fw.ffo.FlatFileInformationFork.TypeSignature, []byte{0x66, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x72}) {
+       if fw.ffo.FlatFileInformationFork.TypeSignature != fileTypeFLDR {
                fields = append(fields, NewField(FieldFileSize, fw.totalSize()))
        }
 
        res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t, fields...))
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
 // HandleSetFileInfo updates a file or folder Name and/or comment from the Get Info window
@@ -422,54 +247,52 @@ func HandleGetFileInfo(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err e
 // * 211       File new Name   Optional
 // * 210       File comment    Optional
 // Fields used in the reply:   None
-func HandleSetFileInfo(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
+func HandleSetFileInfo(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
        fileName := t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data
        filePath := t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data
 
        fullFilePath, err := readPath(cc.Server.Config.FileRoot, filePath, fileName)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        fi, err := cc.Server.FS.Stat(fullFilePath)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        hlFile, err := newFileWrapper(cc.Server.FS, fullFilePath, 0)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
        if t.GetField(FieldFileComment).Data != nil {
                switch mode := fi.Mode(); {
                case mode.IsDir():
-                       if !cc.Authorize(accessSetFolderComment) {
-                               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to set comments for folders."))
-                               return res, err
+                       if !cc.Authorize(AccessSetFolderComment) {
+                               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to set comments for folders.")
                        }
                case mode.IsRegular():
-                       if !cc.Authorize(accessSetFileComment) {
-                               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to set comments for files."))
-                               return res, err
+                       if !cc.Authorize(AccessSetFileComment) {
+                               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to set comments for files.")
                        }
                }
 
                if err := hlFile.ffo.FlatFileInformationFork.setComment(t.GetField(FieldFileComment).Data); err != nil {
-                       return res, err
+                       return res
                }
                w, err := hlFile.infoForkWriter()
                if err != nil {
-                       return res, err
+                       return res
                }
                _, err = io.Copy(w, &hlFile.ffo.FlatFileInformationFork)
                if err != nil {
-                       return res, err
+                       return res
                }
        }
 
        fullNewFilePath, err := readPath(cc.Server.Config.FileRoot, filePath, t.GetField(FieldFileNewName).Data)
        if err != nil {
-               return nil, err
+               return nil
        }
 
        fileNewName := t.GetField(FieldFileNewName).Data
@@ -477,42 +300,39 @@ func HandleSetFileInfo(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err e
        if fileNewName != nil {
                switch mode := fi.Mode(); {
                case mode.IsDir():
-                       if !cc.Authorize(accessRenameFolder) {
-                               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to rename folders."))
-                               return res, err
+                       if !cc.Authorize(AccessRenameFolder) {
+                               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to rename folders.")
                        }
                        err = os.Rename(fullFilePath, fullNewFilePath)
                        if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-                               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot rename folder "+string(fileName)+" because it does not exist or cannot be found."))
-                               return res, err
+                               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot rename folder "+string(fileName)+" because it does not exist or cannot be found.")
+
                        }
                case mode.IsRegular():
-                       if !cc.Authorize(accessRenameFile) {
-                               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to rename files."))
-                               return res, err
+                       if !cc.Authorize(AccessRenameFile) {
+                               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to rename files.")
                        }
                        fileDir, err := readPath(cc.Server.Config.FileRoot, filePath, []byte{})
                        if err != nil {
-                               return nil, err
+                               return nil
                        }
                        hlFile.name, err = txtDecoder.String(string(fileNewName))
                        if err != nil {
-                               return res, fmt.Errorf("invalid filepath encoding: %w", err)
+                               return res
                        }
 
                        err = hlFile.move(fileDir)
                        if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-                               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot rename file "+string(fileName)+" because it does not exist or cannot be found."))
-                               return res, err
+                               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot rename file "+string(fileName)+" because it does not exist or cannot be found.")
                        }
                        if err != nil {
-                               return res, err
+                               return res
                        }
                }
        }
 
        res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
 // HandleDeleteFile deletes a file or folder
@@ -520,98 +340,91 @@ func HandleSetFileInfo(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err e
 // * 201       File Name
 // * 202       File path
 // Fields used in the reply: none
-func HandleDeleteFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
+func HandleDeleteFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
        fileName := t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data
        filePath := t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data
 
        fullFilePath, err := readPath(cc.Server.Config.FileRoot, filePath, fileName)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        hlFile, err := newFileWrapper(cc.Server.FS, fullFilePath, 0)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        fi, err := hlFile.dataFile()
        if err != nil {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot delete file "+string(fileName)+" because it does not exist or cannot be found."))
-               return res, nil
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot delete file "+string(fileName)+" because it does not exist or cannot be found.")
        }
 
        switch mode := fi.Mode(); {
        case mode.IsDir():
-               if !cc.Authorize(accessDeleteFolder) {
-                       res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete folders."))
-                       return res, err
+               if !cc.Authorize(AccessDeleteFolder) {
+                       return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete folders.")
                }
        case mode.IsRegular():
-               if !cc.Authorize(accessDeleteFile) {
-                       res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete files."))
-                       return res, err
+               if !cc.Authorize(AccessDeleteFile) {
+                       return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete files.")
                }
        }
 
        if err := hlFile.delete(); err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
 // HandleMoveFile moves files or folders. Note: seemingly not documented
-func HandleMoveFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
+func HandleMoveFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
        fileName := string(t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data)
 
        filePath, err := readPath(cc.Server.Config.FileRoot, t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data, t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        fileNewPath, err := readPath(cc.Server.Config.FileRoot, t.GetField(FieldFileNewPath).Data, nil)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        cc.logger.Info("Move file", "src", filePath+"/"+fileName, "dst", fileNewPath+"/"+fileName)
 
        hlFile, err := newFileWrapper(cc.Server.FS, filePath, 0)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        fi, err := hlFile.dataFile()
        if err != nil {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot delete file "+fileName+" because it does not exist or cannot be found."))
-               return res, err
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot delete file "+fileName+" because it does not exist or cannot be found.")
        }
        switch mode := fi.Mode(); {
        case mode.IsDir():
-               if !cc.Authorize(accessMoveFolder) {
-                       res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to move folders."))
-                       return res, err
+               if !cc.Authorize(AccessMoveFolder) {
+                       return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to move folders.")
                }
        case mode.IsRegular():
-               if !cc.Authorize(accessMoveFile) {
-                       res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to move files."))
-                       return res, err
+               if !cc.Authorize(AccessMoveFile) {
+                       return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to move files.")
                }
        }
        if err := hlFile.move(fileNewPath); err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
        // TODO: handle other possible errors; e.g. fileWrapper delete fails due to fileWrapper permission issue
 
        res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
-func HandleNewFolder(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessCreateFolder) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to create folders."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleNewFolder(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessCreateFolder) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to create folders.")
        }
        folderName := string(t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data)
 
@@ -624,7 +437,7 @@ func HandleNewFolder(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err err
                var newFp FilePath
                _, err := newFp.Write(t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data)
                if err != nil {
-                       return nil, err
+                       return res
                }
 
                for _, pathItem := range newFp.Items {
@@ -632,41 +445,39 @@ func HandleNewFolder(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err err
                }
        }
        newFolderPath := path.Join(cc.Server.Config.FileRoot, subPath, folderName)
-       newFolderPath, err = txtDecoder.String(newFolderPath)
+       newFolderPath, err := txtDecoder.String(newFolderPath)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, fmt.Errorf("invalid filepath encoding: %w", err)
+               return res
        }
 
        // TODO: check path and folder Name lengths
 
        if _, err := cc.Server.FS.Stat(newFolderPath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
                msg := fmt.Sprintf("Cannot create folder \"%s\" because there is already a file or folder with that Name.", folderName)
-               return []Transaction{cc.NewErrReply(t, msg)}, nil
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, msg)
        }
 
        if err := cc.Server.FS.Mkdir(newFolderPath, 0777); err != nil {
                msg := fmt.Sprintf("Cannot create folder \"%s\" because an error occurred.", folderName)
-               return []Transaction{cc.NewErrReply(t, msg)}, nil
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, msg)
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 }
 
-func HandleSetUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessModifyUser) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to modify accounts."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleSetUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessModifyUser) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to modify accounts.")
        }
 
-       login := string(encodeString(t.GetField(FieldUserLogin).Data))
+       login := t.GetField(FieldUserLogin).DecodeObfuscatedString()
        userName := string(t.GetField(FieldUserName).Data)
 
        newAccessLvl := t.GetField(FieldUserAccess).Data
 
-       account := cc.Server.Accounts[login]
+       account := cc.Server.AccountManager.Get(login)
        if account == nil {
-               return append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "Account not found.")), nil
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "Account not found.")
        }
        account.Name = userName
        copy(account.Access[:], newAccessLvl)
@@ -681,85 +492,73 @@ func HandleSetUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error
                account.Password = hashAndSalt(t.GetField(FieldUserPassword).Data)
        }
 
-       out, err := yaml.Marshal(&account)
+       err := cc.Server.AccountManager.Update(*account, account.Login)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
-       }
-       if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(cc.Server.ConfigDir, "Users", login+".yaml"), out, 0666); err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               cc.logger.Error("Error updating account", "Err", err)
        }
 
        // Notify connected clients logged in as the user of the new access level
-       for _, c := range cc.Server.Clients {
+       for _, c := range cc.Server.ClientMgr.List() {
                if c.Account.Login == login {
-                       // Note: comment out these two lines to test server-side deny messages
                        newT := NewTransaction(TranUserAccess, c.ID, NewField(FieldUserAccess, newAccessLvl))
-                       res = append(res, *newT)
+                       res = append(res, newT)
 
-                       flagBitmap := big.NewInt(int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(c.Flags)))
-                       if c.Authorize(accessDisconUser) {
-                               flagBitmap.SetBit(flagBitmap, UserFlagAdmin, 1)
+                       if c.Authorize(AccessDisconUser) {
+                               c.Flags.Set(UserFlagAdmin, 1)
                        } else {
-                               flagBitmap.SetBit(flagBitmap, UserFlagAdmin, 0)
+                               c.Flags.Set(UserFlagAdmin, 0)
                        }
-                       binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(c.Flags, uint16(flagBitmap.Int64()))
 
                        c.Account.Access = account.Access
 
-                       cc.sendAll(
+                       cc.SendAll(
                                TranNotifyChangeUser,
-                               NewField(FieldUserID, *c.ID),
-                               NewField(FieldUserFlags, c.Flags),
+                               NewField(FieldUserID, c.ID[:]),
+                               NewField(FieldUserFlags, c.Flags[:]),
                                NewField(FieldUserName, c.UserName),
                                NewField(FieldUserIconID, c.Icon),
                        )
                }
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 }
 
-func HandleGetUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessOpenUser) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to view accounts."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleGetUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessOpenUser) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to view accounts.")
        }
 
-       account := cc.Server.Accounts[string(t.GetField(FieldUserLogin).Data)]
+       account := cc.Server.AccountManager.Get(string(t.GetField(FieldUserLogin).Data))
        if account == nil {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "Account does not exist."))
-               return res, err
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "Account does not exist.")
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t,
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t,
                NewField(FieldUserName, []byte(account.Name)),
                NewField(FieldUserLogin, encodeString(t.GetField(FieldUserLogin).Data)),
                NewField(FieldUserPassword, []byte(account.Password)),
                NewField(FieldUserAccess, account.Access[:]),
        ))
-       return res, err
 }
 
-func HandleListUsers(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessOpenUser) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to view accounts."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleListUsers(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessOpenUser) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to view accounts.")
        }
 
        var userFields []Field
-       for _, acc := range cc.Server.Accounts {
-               accCopy := *acc
-               b, err := io.ReadAll(&accCopy)
+       for _, acc := range cc.Server.AccountManager.List() {
+               b, err := io.ReadAll(&acc)
                if err != nil {
-                       return res, err
+                       cc.logger.Error("Error reading account", "Account", acc.Login, "Err", err)
+                       continue
                }
 
                userFields = append(userFields, NewField(FieldData, b))
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t, userFields...))
-       return res, err
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t, userFields...))
 }
 
 // HandleUpdateUser is used by the v1.5+ multi-user editor to perform account editing for multiple users at a time.
@@ -771,9 +570,8 @@ func HandleListUsers(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err err
 // The Transaction sent by the client includes one data field per user that was modified.  This data field in turn
 // contains another data field encoded in its payload with a varying number of sub fields depending on which action is
 // performed.  This seems to be the only place in the Hotline protocol where a data field contains another data field.
-func HandleUpdateUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
+func HandleUpdateUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
        for _, field := range t.Fields {
-
                var subFields []Field
 
                // Create a new scanner for parsing incoming bytes into transaction tokens
@@ -785,24 +583,44 @@ func HandleUpdateUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err er
 
                        var field Field
                        if _, err := field.Write(scanner.Bytes()); err != nil {
-                               return res, fmt.Errorf("error reading field: %w", err)
+                               return res
                        }
                        subFields = append(subFields, field)
                }
 
                // If there's only one subfield, that indicates this is a delete operation for the login in FieldData
                if len(subFields) == 1 {
-                       if !cc.Authorize(accessDeleteUser) {
-                               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete accounts."))
-                               return res, err
+                       if !cc.Authorize(AccessDeleteUser) {
+                               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete accounts.")
                        }
 
                        login := string(encodeString(getField(FieldData, &subFields).Data))
+
                        cc.logger.Info("DeleteUser", "login", login)
 
-                       if err := cc.Server.DeleteUser(login); err != nil {
-                               return res, err
+                       if err := cc.Server.AccountManager.Delete(login); err != nil {
+                               cc.logger.Error("Error deleting account", "Err", err)
+                               return res
                        }
+
+                       for _, client := range cc.Server.ClientMgr.List() {
+                               if client.Account.Login == login {
+                                       //                                      "You are logged in with an account which was deleted."
+
+                                       res = append(res,
+                                               NewTransaction(TranServerMsg, [2]byte{},
+                                                       NewField(FieldData, []byte("You are logged in with an account which was deleted.")),
+                                                       NewField(FieldChatOptions, []byte{0}),
+                                               ),
+                                       )
+
+                                       go func(c *ClientConn) {
+                                               time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
+                                               c.Disconnect()
+                                       }(client)
+                               }
+                       }
+
                        continue
                }
 
@@ -822,17 +640,16 @@ func HandleUpdateUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err er
                }
 
                // Check if accountToUpdate has an existing account.  If so, we know we are updating an existing user.
-               if acc, ok := cc.Server.Accounts[accountToUpdate]; ok {
+               if acc := cc.Server.AccountManager.Get(accountToUpdate); acc != nil {
                        if loginToRename != "" {
                                cc.logger.Info("RenameUser", "prevLogin", accountToUpdate, "newLogin", userLogin)
                        } else {
                                cc.logger.Info("UpdateUser", "login", accountToUpdate)
                        }
 
-                       // account exists, so this is an update action
-                       if !cc.Authorize(accessModifyUser) {
-                               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to modify accounts."))
-                               return res, nil
+                       // Account exists, so this is an update action.
+                       if !cc.Authorize(AccessModifyUser) {
+                               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to modify accounts.")
                        }
 
                        // This part is a bit tricky. There are three possibilities:
@@ -855,20 +672,16 @@ func HandleUpdateUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err er
                                copy(acc.Access[:], getField(FieldUserAccess, &subFields).Data)
                        }
 
-                       err = cc.Server.UpdateUser(
-                               string(encodeString(getField(FieldData, &subFields).Data)),
-                               string(encodeString(getField(FieldUserLogin, &subFields).Data)),
-                               string(getField(FieldUserName, &subFields).Data),
-                               acc.Password,
-                               acc.Access,
-                       )
+                       acc.Name = string(getField(FieldUserName, &subFields).Data)
+
+                       err := cc.Server.AccountManager.Update(*acc, string(encodeString(getField(FieldUserLogin, &subFields).Data)))
+
                        if err != nil {
-                               return res, err
+                               return res
                        }
                } else {
-                       if !cc.Authorize(accessCreateUser) {
-                               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to create new accounts."))
-                               return res, nil
+                       if !cc.Authorize(AccessCreateUser) {
+                               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to create new accounts.")
                        }
 
                        cc.logger.Info("CreateUser", "login", userLogin)
@@ -880,129 +693,152 @@ func HandleUpdateUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err er
                        for i := 0; i < 64; i++ {
                                if newAccess.IsSet(i) {
                                        if !cc.Authorize(i) {
-                                               return append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot create account with more access than yourself.")), nil
+                                               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot create account with more access than yourself.")
                                        }
                                }
                        }
 
-                       err = cc.Server.NewUser(userLogin, string(getField(FieldUserName, &subFields).Data), string(getField(FieldUserPassword, &subFields).Data), newAccess)
+                       account := NewAccount(userLogin, string(getField(FieldUserName, &subFields).Data), string(getField(FieldUserPassword, &subFields).Data), newAccess)
+
+                       err := cc.Server.AccountManager.Create(*account)
                        if err != nil {
-                               return append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot create account because there is already an account with that login.")), nil
+                               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot create account because there is already an account with that login.")
                        }
                }
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 }
 
 // HandleNewUser creates a new user account
-func HandleNewUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessCreateUser) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to create new accounts."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleNewUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessCreateUser) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to create new accounts.")
        }
 
-       login := string(encodeString(t.GetField(FieldUserLogin).Data))
+       login := t.GetField(FieldUserLogin).DecodeObfuscatedString()
 
-       // If the account already dataFile, reply with an error
-       if _, ok := cc.Server.Accounts[login]; ok {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot create account "+login+" because there is already an account with that login."))
-               return res, err
+       // If the account already exists, reply with an error.
+       if account := cc.Server.AccountManager.Get(login); account != nil {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot create account "+login+" because there is already an account with that login.")
        }
 
-       newAccess := accessBitmap{}
+       var newAccess accessBitmap
        copy(newAccess[:], t.GetField(FieldUserAccess).Data)
 
        // Prevent account from creating new account with greater permission
        for i := 0; i < 64; i++ {
                if newAccess.IsSet(i) {
                        if !cc.Authorize(i) {
-                               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot create account with more access than yourself."))
-                               return res, err
+                               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot create account with more access than yourself.")
                        }
                }
        }
 
-       if err := cc.Server.NewUser(login, string(t.GetField(FieldUserName).Data), string(t.GetField(FieldUserPassword).Data), newAccess); err != nil {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot create account because there is already an account with that login."))
-               return res, err
+       account := NewAccount(login, string(t.GetField(FieldUserName).Data), string(t.GetField(FieldUserPassword).Data), newAccess)
+
+       err := cc.Server.AccountManager.Create(*account)
+       if err != nil {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "Cannot create account because there is already an account with that login.")
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 }
 
-func HandleDeleteUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessDeleteUser) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete accounts."))
-               return res, nil
+func HandleDeleteUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessDeleteUser) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete accounts.")
        }
 
-       login := string(encodeString(t.GetField(FieldUserLogin).Data))
+       login := t.GetField(FieldUserLogin).DecodeObfuscatedString()
 
-       if err := cc.Server.DeleteUser(login); err != nil {
-               return res, err
+       if err := cc.Server.AccountManager.Delete(login); err != nil {
+               cc.logger.Error("Error deleting account", "Err", err)
+               return res
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+       for _, client := range cc.Server.ClientMgr.List() {
+               if client.Account.Login == login {
+                       res = append(res,
+                               NewTransaction(TranServerMsg, client.ID,
+                                       NewField(FieldData, []byte("You are logged in with an account which was deleted.")),
+                                       NewField(FieldChatOptions, []byte{2}),
+                               ),
+                       )
+
+                       go func(c *ClientConn) {
+                               time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+                               c.Disconnect()
+                       }(client)
+               }
+       }
+
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 }
 
 // HandleUserBroadcast sends an Administrator Message to all connected clients of the server
-func HandleUserBroadcast(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessBroadcast) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to send broadcast messages."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleUserBroadcast(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessBroadcast) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to send broadcast messages.")
        }
 
-       cc.sendAll(
+       cc.SendAll(
                TranServerMsg,
-               NewField(FieldData, t.GetField(TranGetMsgs).Data),
+               NewField(FieldData, t.GetField(FieldData).Data),
                NewField(FieldChatOptions, []byte{0}),
        )
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 }
 
 // HandleGetClientInfoText returns user information for the specific user.
 //
 // Fields used in the request:
-// 103 User ID
+// 103 User Type
 //
 // Fields used in the reply:
 // 102 User Name
 // 101 Data            User info text string
-func HandleGetClientInfoText(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessGetClientInfo) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to get client info."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleGetClientInfoText(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessGetClientInfo) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to get client info.")
        }
 
-       clientID, _ := byteToInt(t.GetField(FieldUserID).Data)
+       clientID := t.GetField(FieldUserID).Data
 
-       clientConn := cc.Server.Clients[uint16(clientID)]
+       clientConn := cc.Server.ClientMgr.Get(ClientID(clientID))
        if clientConn == nil {
-               return append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "User not found.")), err
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "User not found.")
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t,
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t,
                NewField(FieldData, []byte(clientConn.String())),
                NewField(FieldUserName, clientConn.UserName),
        ))
-       return res, err
 }
 
-func HandleGetUserNameList(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t, cc.Server.connectedUsers()...))
+func HandleGetUserNameList(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       var fields []Field
+       for _, c := range cc.Server.ClientMgr.List() {
+               b, err := io.ReadAll(&User{
+                       ID:    c.ID,
+                       Icon:  c.Icon,
+                       Flags: c.Flags[:],
+                       Name:  string(c.UserName),
+               })
+               if err != nil {
+                       return nil
+               }
+
+               fields = append(fields, NewField(FieldUsernameWithInfo, b))
+       }
 
-       return res, err
+       return []Transaction{cc.NewReply(t, fields...)}
 }
 
-func HandleTranAgreed(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
+func HandleTranAgreed(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
        if t.GetField(FieldUserName).Data != nil {
-               if cc.Authorize(accessAnyName) {
+               if cc.Authorize(AccessAnyName) {
                        cc.UserName = t.GetField(FieldUserName).Data
                } else {
                        cc.UserName = []byte(cc.Account.Name)
@@ -1012,64 +848,53 @@ func HandleTranAgreed(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err er
        cc.Icon = t.GetField(FieldUserIconID).Data
 
        cc.logger = cc.logger.With("Name", string(cc.UserName))
-       cc.logger.Info("Login successful", "clientVersion", fmt.Sprintf("%v", func() int { i, _ := byteToInt(cc.Version); return i }()))
+       cc.logger.Info("Login successful")
 
        options := t.GetField(FieldOptions).Data
        optBitmap := big.NewInt(int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(options)))
 
-       flagBitmap := big.NewInt(int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(cc.Flags)))
-
        // Check refuse private PM option
-       if optBitmap.Bit(UserOptRefusePM) == 1 {
-               flagBitmap.SetBit(flagBitmap, UserFlagRefusePM, 1)
-               binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(cc.Flags, uint16(flagBitmap.Int64()))
-       }
+
+       cc.flagsMU.Lock()
+       defer cc.flagsMU.Unlock()
+       cc.Flags.Set(UserFlagRefusePM, optBitmap.Bit(UserOptRefusePM))
 
        // Check refuse private chat option
-       if optBitmap.Bit(UserOptRefuseChat) == 1 {
-               flagBitmap.SetBit(flagBitmap, UserFlagRefusePChat, 1)
-               binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(cc.Flags, uint16(flagBitmap.Int64()))
-       }
+       cc.Flags.Set(UserFlagRefusePChat, optBitmap.Bit(UserOptRefuseChat))
 
        // Check auto response
        if optBitmap.Bit(UserOptAutoResponse) == 1 {
                cc.AutoReply = t.GetField(FieldAutomaticResponse).Data
-       } else {
-               cc.AutoReply = []byte{}
        }
 
-       trans := cc.notifyOthers(
-               *NewTransaction(
-                       TranNotifyChangeUser, nil,
+       trans := cc.NotifyOthers(
+               NewTransaction(
+                       TranNotifyChangeUser, [2]byte{0, 0},
                        NewField(FieldUserName, cc.UserName),
-                       NewField(FieldUserID, *cc.ID),
+                       NewField(FieldUserID, cc.ID[:]),
                        NewField(FieldUserIconID, cc.Icon),
-                       NewField(FieldUserFlags, cc.Flags),
+                       NewField(FieldUserFlags, cc.Flags[:]),
                ),
        )
        res = append(res, trans...)
 
        if cc.Server.Config.BannerFile != "" {
-               res = append(res, *NewTransaction(TranServerBanner, cc.ID, NewField(FieldBannerType, []byte("JPEG"))))
+               res = append(res, NewTransaction(TranServerBanner, cc.ID, NewField(FieldBannerType, []byte("JPEG"))))
        }
 
        res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
 // HandleTranOldPostNews updates the flat news
 // Fields used in this request:
 // 101 Data
-func HandleTranOldPostNews(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessNewsPostArt) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to post news."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleTranOldPostNews(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessNewsPostArt) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to post news.")
        }
 
-       cc.Server.flatNewsMux.Lock()
-       defer cc.Server.flatNewsMux.Unlock()
-
        newsDateTemplate := defaultNewsDateFormat
        if cc.Server.Config.NewsDateFormat != "" {
                newsDateTemplate = cc.Server.Config.NewsDateFormat
@@ -1083,35 +908,31 @@ func HandleTranOldPostNews(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, e
        newsPost := fmt.Sprintf(newsTemplate+"\r", cc.UserName, time.Now().Format(newsDateTemplate), t.GetField(FieldData).Data)
        newsPost = strings.ReplaceAll(newsPost, "\n", "\r")
 
-       // update news in memory
-       cc.Server.FlatNews = append([]byte(newsPost), cc.Server.FlatNews...)
-
-       // update news on disk
-       if err := cc.Server.FS.WriteFile(filepath.Join(cc.Server.ConfigDir, "MessageBoard.txt"), cc.Server.FlatNews, 0644); err != nil {
-               return res, err
+       _, err := cc.Server.MessageBoard.Write([]byte(newsPost))
+       if err != nil {
+               cc.logger.Error("error writing news post", "err", err)
+               return nil
        }
 
        // Notify all clients of updated news
-       cc.sendAll(
+       cc.SendAll(
                TranNewMsg,
                NewField(FieldData, []byte(newsPost)),
        )
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 }
 
-func HandleDisconnectUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessDisconUser) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to disconnect users."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleDisconnectUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessDisconUser) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to disconnect users.")
        }
 
-       clientConn := cc.Server.Clients[binary.BigEndian.Uint16(t.GetField(FieldUserID).Data)]
+       clientID := [2]byte(t.GetField(FieldUserID).Data)
+       clientConn := cc.Server.ClientMgr.Get(clientID)
 
-       if clientConn.Authorize(accessCannotBeDiscon) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, clientConn.Account.Login+" is not allowed to be disconnected."))
-               return res, err
+       if clientConn.Authorize(AccessCannotBeDiscon) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, clientConn.Account.Login+" is not allowed to be disconnected.")
        }
 
        // If FieldOptions is set, then the client IP is banned in addition to disconnected.
@@ -1123,7 +944,7 @@ func HandleDisconnectUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, er
                        // send message: "You are temporarily banned on this server"
                        cc.logger.Info("Disconnect & temporarily ban " + string(clientConn.UserName))
 
-                       res = append(res, *NewTransaction(
+                       res = append(res, NewTransaction(
                                TranServerMsg,
                                clientConn.ID,
                                NewField(FieldData, []byte("You are temporarily banned on this server")),
@@ -1131,24 +952,30 @@ func HandleDisconnectUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, er
                        ))
 
                        banUntil := time.Now().Add(tempBanDuration)
-                       cc.Server.banList[strings.Split(clientConn.RemoteAddr, ":")[0]] = &banUntil
+                       ip := strings.Split(clientConn.RemoteAddr, ":")[0]
+
+                       err := cc.Server.BanList.Add(ip, &banUntil)
+                       if err != nil {
+                               cc.logger.Error("Error saving ban", "err", err)
+                               // TODO
+                       }
                case 2:
                        // send message: "You are permanently banned on this server"
                        cc.logger.Info("Disconnect & ban " + string(clientConn.UserName))
 
-                       res = append(res, *NewTransaction(
+                       res = append(res, NewTransaction(
                                TranServerMsg,
                                clientConn.ID,
                                NewField(FieldData, []byte("You are permanently banned on this server")),
                                NewField(FieldChatOptions, []byte{0, 0}),
                        ))
 
-                       cc.Server.banList[strings.Split(clientConn.RemoteAddr, ":")[0]] = nil
-               }
+                       ip := strings.Split(clientConn.RemoteAddr, ":")[0]
 
-               err := cc.Server.writeBanList()
-               if err != nil {
-                       return res, err
+                       err := cc.Server.BanList.Add(ip, nil)
+                       if err != nil {
+                               // TODO
+                       }
                }
        }
 
@@ -1158,92 +985,74 @@ func HandleDisconnectUser(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, er
                clientConn.Disconnect()
        }()
 
-       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t)), err
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 }
 
 // HandleGetNewsCatNameList returns a list of news categories for a path
 // Fields used in the request:
 // 325 News path       (Optional)
-func HandleGetNewsCatNameList(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessNewsReadArt) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to read news."))
-               return res, err
-       }
-
-       pathStrs := ReadNewsPath(t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).Data)
-       cats := cc.Server.GetNewsCatByPath(pathStrs)
-
-       // To store the keys in slice in sorted order
-       keys := make([]string, len(cats))
-       i := 0
-       for k := range cats {
-               keys[i] = k
-               i++
-       }
-       sort.Strings(keys)
-
-       var fieldData []Field
-       for _, k := range keys {
-               cat := cats[k]
-               b, _ := cat.MarshalBinary()
-               fieldData = append(fieldData, NewField(
-                       FieldNewsCatListData15,
-                       b,
-               ))
+func HandleGetNewsCatNameList(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessNewsReadArt) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to read news.")
+       }
+
+       pathStrs, err := t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).DecodeNewsPath()
+       if err != nil {
+
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t, fieldData...))
-       return res, err
+       var fields []Field
+       for _, cat := range cc.Server.ThreadedNewsMgr.GetCategories(pathStrs) {
+               b, err := io.ReadAll(&cat)
+               if err != nil {
+                       // TODO
+               }
+
+               fields = append(fields, NewField(FieldNewsCatListData15, b))
+       }
+
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t, fields...))
 }
 
-func HandleNewNewsCat(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessNewsCreateCat) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to create news categories."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleNewNewsCat(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessNewsCreateCat) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to create news categories.")
        }
 
        name := string(t.GetField(FieldNewsCatName).Data)
-       pathStrs := ReadNewsPath(t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).Data)
-
-       cats := cc.Server.GetNewsCatByPath(pathStrs)
-       cats[name] = NewsCategoryListData15{
-               Name:     name,
-               Type:     [2]byte{0, 3},
-               Articles: map[uint32]*NewsArtData{},
-               SubCats:  make(map[string]NewsCategoryListData15),
+       pathStrs, err := t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).DecodeNewsPath()
+       if err != nil {
+               return res
        }
 
-       if err := cc.Server.writeThreadedNews(); err != nil {
-               return res, err
+       err = cc.Server.ThreadedNewsMgr.CreateGrouping(pathStrs, name, NewsCategory)
+       if err != nil {
+               cc.logger.Error("error creating news category", "err", err)
        }
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+
+       return []Transaction{cc.NewReply(t)}
 }
 
 // Fields used in the request:
 // 322 News category Name
 // 325 News path
-func HandleNewNewsFldr(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessNewsCreateFldr) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to create news folders."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleNewNewsFldr(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessNewsCreateFldr) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to create news folders.")
        }
 
        name := string(t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data)
-       pathStrs := ReadNewsPath(t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).Data)
-
-       cats := cc.Server.GetNewsCatByPath(pathStrs)
-       cats[name] = NewsCategoryListData15{
-               Name:     name,
-               Type:     [2]byte{0, 2},
-               Articles: map[uint32]*NewsArtData{},
-               SubCats:  make(map[string]NewsCategoryListData15),
+       pathStrs, err := t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).DecodeNewsPath()
+       if err != nil {
+               return res
        }
-       if err := cc.Server.writeThreadedNews(); err != nil {
-               return res, err
+
+       err = cc.Server.ThreadedNewsMgr.CreateGrouping(pathStrs, name, NewsBundle)
+       if err != nil {
+               cc.logger.Error("error creating news bundle", "err", err)
        }
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 }
 
 // HandleGetNewsArtData gets the list of article names at the specified news path.
@@ -1253,31 +1062,24 @@ func HandleNewNewsFldr(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err e
 
 // Fields used in the reply:
 // 321 News article list data  Optional
-func HandleGetNewsArtNameList(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessNewsReadArt) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to read news."))
-               return res, nil
+func HandleGetNewsArtNameList(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessNewsReadArt) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to read news.")
        }
 
-       pathStrs := ReadNewsPath(t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).Data)
-
-       var cat NewsCategoryListData15
-       cats := cc.Server.ThreadedNews.Categories
-
-       for _, fp := range pathStrs {
-               cat = cats[fp]
-               cats = cats[fp].SubCats
+       pathStrs, err := t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).DecodeNewsPath()
+       if err != nil {
+               return res
        }
 
-       nald := cat.GetNewsArtListData()
+       nald := cc.Server.ThreadedNewsMgr.ListArticles(pathStrs)
 
        b, err := io.ReadAll(&nald)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, fmt.Errorf("error loading news articles: %w", err)
+               return res
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t, NewField(FieldNewsArtListData, b)))
-       return res, nil
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t, NewField(FieldNewsArtListData, b)))
 }
 
 // HandleGetNewsArtData requests information about the specific news article.
@@ -1285,44 +1087,37 @@ func HandleGetNewsArtNameList(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction
 //
 // Request fields
 // 325 News path
-// 326 News article ID
+// 326 News article Type
 // 327 News article data flavor
 //
 // Fields used in the reply:
 // 328 News article title
 // 329 News article poster
 // 330 News article date
-// 331 Previous article ID
-// 332 Next article ID
-// 335 Parent article ID
-// 336 First child article ID
+// 331 Previous article Type
+// 332 Next article Type
+// 335 Parent article Type
+// 336 First child article Type
 // 327 News article data flavor        "Should be “text/plain”
 // 333 News article data       Optional (if data flavor is “text/plain”)
-func HandleGetNewsArtData(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessNewsReadArt) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to read news."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleGetNewsArtData(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessNewsReadArt) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to read news.")
        }
 
-       var cat NewsCategoryListData15
-       cats := cc.Server.ThreadedNews.Categories
-
-       for _, fp := range ReadNewsPath(t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).Data) {
-               cat = cats[fp]
-               cats = cats[fp].SubCats
+       newsPath, err := t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).DecodeNewsPath()
+       if err != nil {
+               return res
        }
 
-       // The official Hotline clients will send the article ID as 2 bytes if possible, but
-       // some third party clients such as Frogblast and Heildrun will always send 4 bytes
-       convertedID, err := byteToInt(t.GetField(FieldNewsArtID).Data)
+       convertedID, err := t.GetField(FieldNewsArtID).DecodeInt()
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
-       art := cat.Articles[uint32(convertedID)]
+       art := cc.Server.ThreadedNewsMgr.GetArticle(newsPath, uint32(convertedID))
        if art == nil {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-               return res, err
+               return append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
        }
 
        res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t,
@@ -1336,173 +1131,131 @@ func HandleGetNewsArtData(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, er
                NewField(FieldNewsArtDataFlav, []byte("text/plain")),
                NewField(FieldNewsArtData, []byte(art.Data)),
        ))
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
-// HandleDelNewsItem deletes an existing threaded news folder or category from the server.
+// HandleDelNewsItem deletes a threaded news folder or category.
 // Fields used in the request:
 // 325 News path
 // Fields used in the reply:
 // None
-func HandleDelNewsItem(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       pathStrs := ReadNewsPath(t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).Data)
-
-       cats := cc.Server.ThreadedNews.Categories
-       delName := pathStrs[len(pathStrs)-1]
-       if len(pathStrs) > 1 {
-               for _, fp := range pathStrs[0 : len(pathStrs)-1] {
-                       cats = cats[fp].SubCats
-               }
+func HandleDelNewsItem(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       pathStrs, err := t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).DecodeNewsPath()
+       if err != nil {
+               return res
        }
 
-       if cats[delName].Type == [2]byte{0, 3} {
-               if !cc.Authorize(accessNewsDeleteCat) {
-                       return append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete news categories.")), nil
+       item := cc.Server.ThreadedNewsMgr.NewsItem(pathStrs)
+
+       if item.Type == [2]byte{0, 3} {
+               if !cc.Authorize(AccessNewsDeleteCat) {
+                       return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete news categories.")
                }
        } else {
-               if !cc.Authorize(accessNewsDeleteFldr) {
-                       return append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete news folders.")), nil
+               if !cc.Authorize(AccessNewsDeleteFldr) {
+                       return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete news folders.")
                }
        }
 
-       delete(cats, delName)
-
-       if err := cc.Server.writeThreadedNews(); err != nil {
-               return res, err
+       err = cc.Server.ThreadedNewsMgr.DeleteNewsItem(pathStrs)
+       if err != nil {
+               return res
        }
 
-       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t)), nil
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 }
 
-func HandleDelNewsArt(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessNewsDeleteArt) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete news articles."))
-               return res, err
+// HandleDelNewsArt deletes a threaded news article.
+// Request Fields
+// 325 News path
+// 326 News article Type
+// 337 News article recursive delete   - Delete child articles (1) or not (0)
+func HandleDelNewsArt(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessNewsDeleteArt) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to delete news articles.")
+
        }
 
-       // Request Fields
-       // 325  News path
-       // 326  News article ID
-       // 337  News article – recursive delete       Delete child articles (1) or not (0)
-       pathStrs := ReadNewsPath(t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).Data)
-       ID, err := byteToInt(t.GetField(FieldNewsArtID).Data)
+       pathStrs, err := t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).DecodeNewsPath()
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
-       // TODO: Delete recursive
-       cats := cc.Server.GetNewsCatByPath(pathStrs[:len(pathStrs)-1])
-
-       catName := pathStrs[len(pathStrs)-1]
-       cat := cats[catName]
+       articleID, err := t.GetField(FieldNewsArtID).DecodeInt()
+       if err != nil {
+               cc.logger.Error("error reading article Type", "err", err)
+               return
+       }
 
-       delete(cat.Articles, uint32(ID))
+       deleteRecursive := bytes.Equal([]byte{0, 1}, t.GetField(FieldNewsArtRecurseDel).Data)
 
-       cats[catName] = cat
-       if err := cc.Server.writeThreadedNews(); err != nil {
-               return res, err
+       err = cc.Server.ThreadedNewsMgr.DeleteArticle(pathStrs, uint32(articleID), deleteRecursive)
+       if err != nil {
+               cc.logger.Error("error deleting news article", "err", err)
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+       return []Transaction{cc.NewReply(t)}
 }
 
 // Request fields
 // 325 News path
-// 326 News article ID                                                 ID of the parent article?
+// 326 News article Type                                                       Type of the parent article?
 // 328 News article title
 // 334 News article flags
 // 327 News article data flavor                Currently “text/plain”
 // 333 News article data
-func HandlePostNewsArt(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessNewsPostArt) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to post news articles."))
-               return res, err
+func HandlePostNewsArt(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessNewsPostArt) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to post news articles.")
        }
 
-       pathStrs := ReadNewsPath(t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).Data)
-       cats := cc.Server.GetNewsCatByPath(pathStrs[:len(pathStrs)-1])
-
-       catName := pathStrs[len(pathStrs)-1]
-       cat := cats[catName]
-
-       artID, err := byteToInt(t.GetField(FieldNewsArtID).Data)
+       pathStrs, err := t.GetField(FieldNewsPath).DecodeNewsPath()
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
-       convertedArtID := uint32(artID)
-       bs := make([]byte, 4)
-       binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(bs, convertedArtID)
 
-       cc.Server.mux.Lock()
-       defer cc.Server.mux.Unlock()
-
-       newArt := NewsArtData{
-               Title:         string(t.GetField(FieldNewsArtTitle).Data),
-               Poster:        string(cc.UserName),
-               Date:          toHotlineTime(time.Now()),
-               PrevArt:       [4]byte{},
-               NextArt:       [4]byte{},
-               ParentArt:     [4]byte(bs),
-               FirstChildArt: [4]byte{},
-               DataFlav:      []byte("text/plain"),
-               Data:          string(t.GetField(FieldNewsArtData).Data),
-       }
-
-       var keys []int
-       for k := range cat.Articles {
-               keys = append(keys, int(k))
-       }
-
-       nextID := uint32(1)
-       if len(keys) > 0 {
-               sort.Ints(keys)
-               prevID := uint32(keys[len(keys)-1])
-               nextID = prevID + 1
-
-               binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(newArt.PrevArt[:], prevID)
-
-               // Set next article ID
-               binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(cat.Articles[prevID].NextArt[:], nextID)
-       }
-
-       // Update parent article with first child reply
-       parentID := convertedArtID
-       if parentID != 0 {
-               parentArt := cat.Articles[parentID]
-
-               if parentArt.FirstChildArt == [4]byte{0, 0, 0, 0} {
-                       binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(parentArt.FirstChildArt[:], nextID)
-               }
-       }
-
-       cat.Articles[nextID] = &newArt
-
-       cats[catName] = cat
-       if err := cc.Server.writeThreadedNews(); err != nil {
-               return res, err
+       parentArticleID, err := t.GetField(FieldNewsArtID).DecodeInt()
+       if err != nil {
+               return res
+       }
+
+       err = cc.Server.ThreadedNewsMgr.PostArticle(
+               pathStrs,
+               uint32(parentArticleID),
+               NewsArtData{
+                       Title:    string(t.GetField(FieldNewsArtTitle).Data),
+                       Poster:   string(cc.UserName),
+                       Date:     toHotlineTime(time.Now()),
+                       DataFlav: NewsFlavor,
+                       Data:     string(t.GetField(FieldNewsArtData).Data),
+               },
+       )
+       if err != nil {
+               cc.logger.Error("error posting news article", "err", err)
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 }
 
 // HandleGetMsgs returns the flat news data
-func HandleGetMsgs(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessNewsReadArt) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to read news."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleGetMsgs(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessNewsReadArt) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to read news.")
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t, NewField(FieldData, cc.Server.FlatNews)))
+       _, _ = cc.Server.MessageBoard.Seek(0, 0)
+
+       newsData, err := io.ReadAll(cc.Server.MessageBoard)
+       if err != nil {
+               // TODO
+       }
 
-       return res, err
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t, NewField(FieldData, newsData)))
 }
 
-func HandleDownloadFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessDownloadFile) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to download files."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleDownloadFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessDownloadFile) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to download files.")
        }
 
        fileName := t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data
@@ -1513,7 +1266,7 @@ func HandleDownloadFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err
        var frd FileResumeData
        if resumeData != nil {
                if err := frd.UnmarshalBinary(t.GetField(FieldFileResumeData).Data); err != nil {
-                       return res, err
+                       return res
                }
                // TODO: handle rsrc fork offset
                dataOffset = int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(frd.ForkInfoList[0].DataSize[:]))
@@ -1521,12 +1274,12 @@ func HandleDownloadFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err
 
        fullFilePath, err := readPath(cc.Server.Config.FileRoot, filePath, fileName)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        hlFile, err := newFileWrapper(cc.Server.FS, fullFilePath, dataOffset)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        xferSize := hlFile.ffo.TransferSize(0)
@@ -1537,12 +1290,12 @@ func HandleDownloadFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err
        if resumeData != nil {
                var frd FileResumeData
                if err := frd.UnmarshalBinary(t.GetField(FieldFileResumeData).Data); err != nil {
-                       return res, err
+                       return res
                }
                ft.fileResumeData = &frd
        }
 
-       // Optional field for when a HL v1.5+ client requests file preview
+       // Optional field for when a client requests file preview
        // Used only for TEXT, JPEG, GIFF, BMP or PICT files
        // The value will always be 2
        if t.GetField(FieldFileTransferOptions).Data != nil {
@@ -1557,28 +1310,27 @@ func HandleDownloadFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err
                NewField(FieldFileSize, hlFile.ffo.FlatFileDataForkHeader.DataSize[:]),
        ))
 
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
 // Download all files from the specified folder and sub-folders
-func HandleDownloadFolder(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessDownloadFile) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to download folders."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleDownloadFolder(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessDownloadFile) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to download folders.")
        }
 
        fullFilePath, err := readPath(cc.Server.Config.FileRoot, t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data, t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        transferSize, err := CalcTotalSize(fullFilePath)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
        itemCount, err := CalcItemCount(fullFilePath)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        fileTransfer := cc.newFileTransfer(FolderDownload, t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data, t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data, transferSize)
@@ -1586,16 +1338,16 @@ func HandleDownloadFolder(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, er
        var fp FilePath
        _, err = fp.Write(t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t,
-               NewField(FieldRefNum, fileTransfer.ReferenceNumber),
+               NewField(FieldRefNum, fileTransfer.refNum[:]),
                NewField(FieldTransferSize, transferSize),
                NewField(FieldFolderItemCount, itemCount),
                NewField(FieldWaitingCount, []byte{0x00, 0x00}), // TODO: Implement waiting count
        ))
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
 // Upload all files from the local folder and its subfolders to the specified path on the server
@@ -1605,19 +1357,18 @@ func HandleDownloadFolder(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, er
 // 108 transfer size   Total size of all items in the folder
 // 220 Folder item count
 // 204 File transfer options   "Optional Currently set to 1" (TODO: ??)
-func HandleUploadFolder(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
+func HandleUploadFolder(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
        var fp FilePath
        if t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data != nil {
-               if _, err = fp.Write(t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data); err != nil {
-                       return res, err
+               if _, err := fp.Write(t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data); err != nil {
+                       return res
                }
        }
 
        // Handle special cases for Upload and Drop Box folders
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessUploadAnywhere) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessUploadAnywhere) {
                if !fp.IsUploadDir() && !fp.IsDropbox() {
-                       res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, fmt.Sprintf("Cannot accept upload of the folder \"%v\" because you are only allowed to upload to the \"Uploads\" folder.", string(t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data))))
-                       return res, err
+                       return cc.NewErrReply(t, fmt.Sprintf("Cannot accept upload of the folder \"%v\" because you are only allowed to upload to the \"Uploads\" folder.", string(t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data)))
                }
        }
 
@@ -1629,8 +1380,7 @@ func HandleUploadFolder(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err
 
        fileTransfer.FolderItemCount = t.GetField(FieldFolderItemCount).Data
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t, NewField(FieldRefNum, fileTransfer.ReferenceNumber)))
-       return res, err
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t, NewField(FieldRefNum, fileTransfer.refNum[:])))
 }
 
 // HandleUploadFile
@@ -1640,10 +1390,9 @@ func HandleUploadFolder(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err
 // 204 File transfer options   "Optional
 // Used only to resume download, currently has value 2"
 // 108 File transfer size      "Optional used if download is not resumed"
-func HandleUploadFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessUploadFile) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to upload files."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleUploadFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessUploadFile) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to upload files.")
        }
 
        fileName := t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data
@@ -1653,37 +1402,35 @@ func HandleUploadFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err er
 
        var fp FilePath
        if filePath != nil {
-               if _, err = fp.Write(filePath); err != nil {
-                       return res, err
+               if _, err := fp.Write(filePath); err != nil {
+                       return res
                }
        }
 
        // Handle special cases for Upload and Drop Box folders
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessUploadAnywhere) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessUploadAnywhere) {
                if !fp.IsUploadDir() && !fp.IsDropbox() {
-                       res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, fmt.Sprintf("Cannot accept upload of the file \"%v\" because you are only allowed to upload to the \"Uploads\" folder.", string(fileName))))
-                       return res, err
+                       return cc.NewErrReply(t, fmt.Sprintf("Cannot accept upload of the file \"%v\" because you are only allowed to upload to the \"Uploads\" folder.", string(fileName)))
                }
        }
        fullFilePath, err := readPath(cc.Server.Config.FileRoot, filePath, fileName)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        if _, err := cc.Server.FS.Stat(fullFilePath); err == nil {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, fmt.Sprintf("Cannot accept upload because there is already a file named \"%v\".  Try choosing a different Name.", string(fileName))))
-               return res, err
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, fmt.Sprintf("Cannot accept upload because there is already a file named \"%v\".  Try choosing a different Name.", string(fileName)))
        }
 
        ft := cc.newFileTransfer(FileUpload, fileName, filePath, transferSize)
 
-       replyT := cc.NewReply(t, NewField(FieldRefNum, ft.ReferenceNumber))
+       replyT := cc.NewReply(t, NewField(FieldRefNum, ft.refNum[:]))
 
        // client has requested to resume a partially transferred file
        if transferOptions != nil {
                fileInfo, err := cc.Server.FS.Stat(fullFilePath + incompleteFileSuffix)
                if err != nil {
-                       return res, err
+                       return res
                }
 
                offset := make([]byte, 4)
@@ -1701,16 +1448,16 @@ func HandleUploadFile(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err er
        }
 
        res = append(res, replyT)
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
-func HandleSetClientUserInfo(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
+func HandleSetClientUserInfo(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
        if len(t.GetField(FieldUserIconID).Data) == 4 {
                cc.Icon = t.GetField(FieldUserIconID).Data[2:]
        } else {
                cc.Icon = t.GetField(FieldUserIconID).Data
        }
-       if cc.Authorize(accessAnyName) {
+       if cc.Authorize(AccessAnyName) {
                cc.UserName = t.GetField(FieldUserName).Data
        }
 
@@ -1718,13 +1465,16 @@ func HandleSetClientUserInfo(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction,
        options := t.GetField(FieldOptions).Data
        if options != nil {
                optBitmap := big.NewInt(int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(options)))
-               flagBitmap := big.NewInt(int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(cc.Flags)))
 
-               flagBitmap.SetBit(flagBitmap, UserFlagRefusePM, optBitmap.Bit(UserOptRefusePM))
-               binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(cc.Flags, uint16(flagBitmap.Int64()))
+               //flagBitmap := big.NewInt(int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(cc.Flags[:])))
+               //flagBitmap.SetBit(flagBitmap, UserFlagRefusePM, optBitmap.Bit(UserOptRefusePM))
+               //binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(cc.Flags[:], uint16(flagBitmap.Int64()))
 
-               flagBitmap.SetBit(flagBitmap, UserFlagRefusePChat, optBitmap.Bit(UserOptRefuseChat))
-               binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(cc.Flags, uint16(flagBitmap.Int64()))
+               cc.Flags.Set(UserFlagRefusePM, optBitmap.Bit(UserOptRefusePM))
+               cc.Flags.Set(UserFlagRefusePChat, optBitmap.Bit(UserOptRefuseChat))
+               //
+               //flagBitmap.SetBit(flagBitmap, UserFlagRefusePChat, optBitmap.Bit(UserOptRefuseChat))
+               //binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(cc.Flags[:], uint16(flagBitmap.Int64()))
 
                // Check auto response
                if optBitmap.Bit(UserOptAutoResponse) == 1 {
@@ -1734,179 +1484,166 @@ func HandleSetClientUserInfo(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction,
                }
        }
 
-       for _, c := range sortedClients(cc.Server.Clients) {
-               res = append(res, *NewTransaction(
+       for _, c := range cc.Server.ClientMgr.List() {
+               res = append(res, NewTransaction(
                        TranNotifyChangeUser,
                        c.ID,
-                       NewField(FieldUserID, *cc.ID),
+                       NewField(FieldUserID, cc.ID[:]),
                        NewField(FieldUserIconID, cc.Icon),
-                       NewField(FieldUserFlags, cc.Flags),
+                       NewField(FieldUserFlags, cc.Flags[:]),
                        NewField(FieldUserName, cc.UserName),
                ))
        }
 
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
 // HandleKeepAlive responds to keepalive transactions with an empty reply
 // * HL 1.9.2 Client sends keepalive msg every 3 minutes
 // * HL 1.2.3 Client doesn't send keepalives
-func HandleKeepAlive(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
+func HandleKeepAlive(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
        res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
 
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
-func HandleGetFileNameList(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
+func HandleGetFileNameList(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
        fullPath, err := readPath(
                cc.Server.Config.FileRoot,
                t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data,
                nil,
        )
        if err != nil {
-               return res, fmt.Errorf("error reading file path: %w", err)
+               return res
        }
 
        var fp FilePath
        if t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data != nil {
                if _, err = fp.Write(t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data); err != nil {
-                       return res, fmt.Errorf("error writing file path: %w", err)
+                       return res
                }
        }
 
        // Handle special case for drop box folders
-       if fp.IsDropbox() && !cc.Authorize(accessViewDropBoxes) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to view drop boxes."))
-               return res, err
+       if fp.IsDropbox() && !cc.Authorize(AccessViewDropBoxes) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to view drop boxes.")
        }
 
        fileNames, err := getFileNameList(fullPath, cc.Server.Config.IgnoreFiles)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, fmt.Errorf("getFileNameList: %w", err)
+               return res
        }
 
        res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t, fileNames...))
 
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
 // =================================
 //     Hotline private chat flow
 // =================================
-// 1. ClientA sends TranInviteNewChat to server with user ID to invite
+// 1. ClientA sends TranInviteNewChat to server with user Type to invite
 // 2. Server creates new ChatID
 // 3. Server sends TranInviteToChat to invitee
-// 4. Server replies to ClientA with new Chat ID
+// 4. Server replies to ClientA with new Chat Type
 //
 // A dialog box pops up in the invitee client with options to accept or decline the invitation.
 // If Accepted is clicked:
 // 1. ClientB sends TranJoinChat with FieldChatID
 
 // HandleInviteNewChat invites users to new private chat
-func HandleInviteNewChat(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessOpenChat) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to request private chat."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleInviteNewChat(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessOpenChat) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to request private chat.")
        }
 
        // Client to Invite
        targetID := t.GetField(FieldUserID).Data
-       newChatID := cc.Server.NewPrivateChat(cc)
 
-       // Check if target user has "Refuse private chat" flag
-       binary.BigEndian.Uint16(targetID)
-       targetClient := cc.Server.Clients[binary.BigEndian.Uint16(targetID)]
+       // Create a new chat with self as initial member.
+       newChatID := cc.Server.ChatMgr.New(cc)
 
-       flagBitmap := big.NewInt(int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(targetClient.Flags)))
+       // Check if target user has "Refuse private chat" flag
+       targetClient := cc.Server.ClientMgr.Get([2]byte(targetID))
+       flagBitmap := big.NewInt(int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(targetClient.Flags[:])))
        if flagBitmap.Bit(UserFlagRefusePChat) == 1 {
                res = append(res,
-                       *NewTransaction(
+                       NewTransaction(
                                TranServerMsg,
                                cc.ID,
                                NewField(FieldData, []byte(string(targetClient.UserName)+" does not accept private chats.")),
                                NewField(FieldUserName, targetClient.UserName),
-                               NewField(FieldUserID, *targetClient.ID),
+                               NewField(FieldUserID, targetClient.ID[:]),
                                NewField(FieldOptions, []byte{0, 2}),
                        ),
                )
        } else {
                res = append(res,
-                       *NewTransaction(
+                       NewTransaction(
                                TranInviteToChat,
-                               &targetID,
-                               NewField(FieldChatID, newChatID),
+                               [2]byte(targetID),
+                               NewField(FieldChatID, newChatID[:]),
                                NewField(FieldUserName, cc.UserName),
-                               NewField(FieldUserID, *cc.ID),
+                               NewField(FieldUserID, cc.ID[:]),
                        ),
                )
        }
 
-       res = append(res,
+       return append(
+               res,
                cc.NewReply(t,
-                       NewField(FieldChatID, newChatID),
+                       NewField(FieldChatID, newChatID[:]),
                        NewField(FieldUserName, cc.UserName),
-                       NewField(FieldUserID, *cc.ID),
+                       NewField(FieldUserID, cc.ID[:]),
                        NewField(FieldUserIconID, cc.Icon),
-                       NewField(FieldUserFlags, cc.Flags),
+                       NewField(FieldUserFlags, cc.Flags[:]),
                ),
        )
-
-       return res, err
 }
 
-func HandleInviteToChat(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessOpenChat) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to request private chat."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleInviteToChat(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessOpenChat) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to request private chat.")
        }
 
        // Client to Invite
        targetID := t.GetField(FieldUserID).Data
        chatID := t.GetField(FieldChatID).Data
 
-       res = append(res,
-               *NewTransaction(
+       return []Transaction{
+               NewTransaction(
                        TranInviteToChat,
-                       &targetID,
+                       [2]byte(targetID),
                        NewField(FieldChatID, chatID),
                        NewField(FieldUserName, cc.UserName),
-                       NewField(FieldUserID, *cc.ID),
+                       NewField(FieldUserID, cc.ID[:]),
                ),
-       )
-       res = append(res,
                cc.NewReply(
                        t,
                        NewField(FieldChatID, chatID),
                        NewField(FieldUserName, cc.UserName),
-                       NewField(FieldUserID, *cc.ID),
+                       NewField(FieldUserID, cc.ID[:]),
                        NewField(FieldUserIconID, cc.Icon),
-                       NewField(FieldUserFlags, cc.Flags),
+                       NewField(FieldUserFlags, cc.Flags[:]),
                ),
-       )
-
-       return res, err
+       }
 }
 
-func HandleRejectChatInvite(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       chatID := t.GetField(FieldChatID).Data
-       chatInt := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(chatID)
-
-       privChat := cc.Server.PrivateChats[chatInt]
+func HandleRejectChatInvite(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       chatID := [4]byte(t.GetField(FieldChatID).Data)
 
-       resMsg := append(cc.UserName, []byte(" declined invitation to chat")...)
-
-       for _, c := range sortedClients(privChat.ClientConn) {
+       for _, c := range cc.Server.ChatMgr.Members(chatID) {
                res = append(res,
-                       *NewTransaction(
+                       NewTransaction(
                                TranChatMsg,
                                c.ID,
-                               NewField(FieldChatID, chatID),
-                               NewField(FieldData, resMsg),
+                               NewField(FieldChatID, chatID[:]),
+                               NewField(FieldData, append(cc.UserName, []byte(" declined invitation to chat")...)),
                        ),
                )
        }
 
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
 // HandleJoinChat is sent from a v1.8+ Hotline client when the joins a private chat
@@ -1914,46 +1651,43 @@ func HandleRejectChatInvite(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction,
 // * 115       Chat subject
 // * 300       User Name with info (Optional)
 // * 300       (more user names with info)
-func HandleJoinChat(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
+func HandleJoinChat(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
        chatID := t.GetField(FieldChatID).Data
-       chatInt := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(chatID)
-
-       privChat := cc.Server.PrivateChats[chatInt]
 
        // Send TranNotifyChatChangeUser to current members of the chat to inform of new user
-       for _, c := range sortedClients(privChat.ClientConn) {
+       for _, c := range cc.Server.ChatMgr.Members([4]byte(chatID)) {
                res = append(res,
-                       *NewTransaction(
+                       NewTransaction(
                                TranNotifyChatChangeUser,
                                c.ID,
                                NewField(FieldChatID, chatID),
                                NewField(FieldUserName, cc.UserName),
-                               NewField(FieldUserID, *cc.ID),
+                               NewField(FieldUserID, cc.ID[:]),
                                NewField(FieldUserIconID, cc.Icon),
-                               NewField(FieldUserFlags, cc.Flags),
+                               NewField(FieldUserFlags, cc.Flags[:]),
                        ),
                )
        }
 
-       privChat.ClientConn[cc.uint16ID()] = cc
+       cc.Server.ChatMgr.Join(ChatID(chatID), cc)
 
-       replyFields := []Field{NewField(FieldChatSubject, []byte(privChat.Subject))}
-       for _, c := range sortedClients(privChat.ClientConn) {
+       subject := cc.Server.ChatMgr.GetSubject(ChatID(chatID))
 
+       replyFields := []Field{NewField(FieldChatSubject, []byte(subject))}
+       for _, c := range cc.Server.ChatMgr.Members([4]byte(chatID)) {
                b, err := io.ReadAll(&User{
-                       ID:    *c.ID,
+                       ID:    c.ID,
                        Icon:  c.Icon,
-                       Flags: c.Flags,
+                       Flags: c.Flags[:],
                        Name:  string(c.UserName),
                })
                if err != nil {
-                       return res, nil
+                       return res
                }
                replyFields = append(replyFields, NewField(FieldUsernameWithInfo, b))
        }
 
-       res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t, replyFields...))
-       return res, err
+       return append(res, cc.NewReply(t, replyFields...))
 }
 
 // HandleLeaveChat is sent from a v1.8+ Hotline client when the user exits a private chat
@@ -1961,47 +1695,40 @@ func HandleJoinChat(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err erro
 //   - 114     FieldChatID
 //
 // Reply is not expected.
-func HandleLeaveChat(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
+func HandleLeaveChat(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
        chatID := t.GetField(FieldChatID).Data
-       chatInt := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(chatID)
-
-       privChat, ok := cc.Server.PrivateChats[chatInt]
-       if !ok {
-               return res, nil
-       }
 
-       delete(privChat.ClientConn, cc.uint16ID())
+       cc.Server.ChatMgr.Leave([4]byte(chatID), cc.ID)
 
        // Notify members of the private chat that the user has left
-       for _, c := range sortedClients(privChat.ClientConn) {
+       for _, c := range cc.Server.ChatMgr.Members(ChatID(chatID)) {
                res = append(res,
-                       *NewTransaction(
+                       NewTransaction(
                                TranNotifyChatDeleteUser,
                                c.ID,
                                NewField(FieldChatID, chatID),
-                               NewField(FieldUserID, *cc.ID),
+                               NewField(FieldUserID, cc.ID[:]),
                        ),
                )
        }
 
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
 // HandleSetChatSubject is sent from a v1.8+ Hotline client when the user sets a private chat subject
 // Fields used in the request:
-// * 114       Chat ID
+// * 114       Chat Type
 // * 115       Chat subject
 // Reply is not expected.
-func HandleSetChatSubject(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
+func HandleSetChatSubject(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
        chatID := t.GetField(FieldChatID).Data
-       chatInt := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(chatID)
 
-       privChat := cc.Server.PrivateChats[chatInt]
-       privChat.Subject = string(t.GetField(FieldChatSubject).Data)
+       cc.Server.ChatMgr.SetSubject([4]byte(chatID), string(t.GetField(FieldChatSubject).Data))
 
-       for _, c := range sortedClients(privChat.ClientConn) {
+       // Notify chat members of new subject.
+       for _, c := range cc.Server.ChatMgr.Members([4]byte(chatID)) {
                res = append(res,
-                       *NewTransaction(
+                       NewTransaction(
                                TranNotifyChatSubject,
                                c.ID,
                                NewField(FieldChatID, chatID),
@@ -2010,7 +1737,7 @@ func HandleSetChatSubject(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, er
                )
        }
 
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
 // HandleMakeAlias makes a file alias using the specified path.
@@ -2021,10 +1748,9 @@ func HandleSetChatSubject(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, er
 //
 // Fields used in the reply:
 // None
-func HandleMakeAlias(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       if !cc.Authorize(accessMakeAlias) {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to make aliases."))
-               return res, err
+func HandleMakeAlias(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       if !cc.Authorize(AccessMakeAlias) {
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "You are not allowed to make aliases.")
        }
        fileName := t.GetField(FieldFileName).Data
        filePath := t.GetField(FieldFilePath).Data
@@ -2032,23 +1758,22 @@ func HandleMakeAlias(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err err
 
        fullFilePath, err := readPath(cc.Server.Config.FileRoot, filePath, fileName)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        fullNewFilePath, err := readPath(cc.Server.Config.FileRoot, fileNewPath, fileName)
        if err != nil {
-               return res, err
+               return res
        }
 
        cc.logger.Debug("Make alias", "src", fullFilePath, "dst", fullNewFilePath)
 
        if err := cc.Server.FS.Symlink(fullFilePath, fullNewFilePath); err != nil {
-               res = append(res, cc.NewErrReply(t, "Error creating alias"))
-               return res, nil
+               return cc.NewErrReply(t, "Error creating alias")
        }
 
        res = append(res, cc.NewReply(t))
-       return res, err
+       return res
 }
 
 // HandleDownloadBanner handles requests for a new banner from the server
@@ -2057,12 +1782,12 @@ func HandleMakeAlias(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err err
 // Fields used in the reply:
 // 107 FieldRefNum                     Used later for transfer
 // 108 FieldTransferSize       Size of data to be downloaded
-func HandleDownloadBanner(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction, err error) {
-       ft := cc.newFileTransfer(bannerDownload, []byte{}, []byte{}, make([]byte, 4))
+func HandleDownloadBanner(cc *ClientConn, t *Transaction) (res []Transaction) {
+       ft := cc.newFileTransfer(BannerDownload, []byte{}, []byte{}, make([]byte, 4))
        binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(ft.TransferSize, uint32(len(cc.Server.banner)))
 
        return append(res, cc.NewReply(t,
                NewField(FieldRefNum, ft.refNum[:]),
                NewField(FieldTransferSize, ft.TransferSize),
-       )), err
+       ))
 }