//! # Proxy Module
//!
//! This module has the actual proxy functionality, exposed through
//! `Server`. The proxy consists of a local unencrypted TCP stream
//! and a remote TLS stream. Messages are passed between them via two
//! threads.
//!
//! Each new client connection spawns two threads:
//! - **Client to Server Thread**: Forwards data from client -> TLS server
//! - **Serveer to Client Thread**: Forwards data from TLS server -> client
//!
//! Finally, the `Server` may be shutdown by calling `.shutdown()`,
//! this will stop new connections and wait for it to finish.
//!
//! # Example
//!
//! ```
//! use std::sync::Arc;
//! use crate::configuration::Proxy;
//! use crate::proxy::Server;
//!
//! let config = Arc::new(Proxy {
//!     protocol: "IMAP".to_string(),
//!     local_port: 143,
//!     remote_domain: "imap.example.com".to_string(),
//!     remote_port: 993,
//! });
//!
//! let mut server = Server::new(config);
//! // The server runs in a background thread. To shut down gracefully:
//! server.shutdown();
//! ```
use log::{debug, error, info};
use native_tls::TlsConnector;
use std::io::{ErrorKind, Read, Write};
use std::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};
use std::sync::{
    atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
    Arc, Mutex,
};
use std::thread::{sleep, spawn, JoinHandle};
use std::time::Duration;

use crate::configuration::Proxy;
use crate::middleware::get as get_middleware;

/// A proxy server that listens for plaintext connections and forwards them
/// via TLS.
///
/// Creating a new `Server` spawns a dedicated thread that:
/// - Binds to a local port (non-blocking mode).
/// - Spawns additional threads for each incoming client connection.
/// - Manages connection-lifetime until it receives a shutdown signal.
pub struct Server {
    running: Arc<AtomicBool>,
    thread_handle: Option<JoinHandle<()>>,
}

impl Server {
    /// Creates a new `Server` for the given `Proxy` configuration and
    /// immediately starts it.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `configuration` - Shared (Arc) `Proxy`
    ///
    /// # Returns
    ///
    /// A `Server` instance that will keep running until its `.shutdown()`
    /// method is called, or an error occurs.
    pub fn new(configuration: Arc<Proxy>) -> Self {
        let running = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(true));
        let running_clone = Arc::clone(&running);

        let thread_handle = spawn(move || {
            run_proxy(&configuration, &running_clone);
        });

        Server {
            running,
            thread_handle: Some(thread_handle),
        }
    }

    /// Signals this proxy to stop accepting new connections and waits
    /// for all active connection threads to complete.
    pub fn shutdown(&mut self) {
        self.running.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
        if let Some(handle) = self.thread_handle.take() {
            let _ = handle.join();
        }
    }
}

/// The main loop that listens for incoming (plaintext) connections on
/// `configuration.bind_address:configuration.local_port`.
fn run_proxy(configuration: &Arc<Proxy>, running: &Arc<AtomicBool>) {
    let listener = match TcpListener::bind(format!(
        "{}:{}",
        configuration.bind_address, configuration.local_port
    )) {
        Ok(l) => l,
        Err(e) => {
            error!("Failed to bind to port {}: {}", configuration.local_port, e);
            return;
        }
    };
    listener.set_nonblocking(true).unwrap();

    info!(
        "{} proxy listening on port {}:{}",
        configuration.protocol, configuration.bind_address, configuration.local_port
    );

    // Keep track of active connections so we can join them on shutdown
    let mut active_threads = vec![];

    while running.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
        match listener.accept() {
            Ok((stream, address)) => {
                info!("New {} connection from {}", configuration.protocol, address);

                let configuration_clone = Arc::clone(configuration);
                let handle = spawn(move || {
                    handle_client(stream, &configuration_clone);
                });
                active_threads.push(handle);
            }
            Err(ref e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock => {
                // No pending connection; sleep briefly then loop again
                sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
                continue;
            }
            Err(e) => {
                error!("Error accepting connection: {}", e);
                break;
            }
        }

        // Clean up any finished threads
        active_threads.retain(|thread| !thread.is_finished());

        // Potential Improvement: Configure thread limit.
        if active_threads.len() >= 50 {
            sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
        }
    }

    // On shutdown, wait for all threads to finish
    for thread in active_threads {
        let _ = thread.join();
    }
}

/// Handles a single client connection by bridging it (plaintext) to a TLS connection.
fn handle_client(client_stream: TcpStream, configuration: &Arc<Proxy>) {
    if let Err(e) = client_stream.set_nonblocking(true) {
        error!("Failed to set client stream to nonblocking: {}", e);
        return;
    }

    let available_middleware = get_middleware();
    let available_middleware_clone = Arc::clone(&available_middleware);

    let connector = match TlsConnector::new() {
        Ok(c) => c,
        Err(e) => {
            error!("Failed to create TLS connector: {}", e);
            return;
        }
    };

    let remote_address = format!(
        "{}:{}",
        configuration.remote_host, configuration.remote_port
    );
    let tcp_stream = match TcpStream::connect(&remote_address) {
        Ok(stream) => stream,
        Err(e) => {
            error!("Failed to connect to {}: {}", remote_address, e);
            return;
        }
    };

    let tls_stream = match connector.connect(&configuration.remote_host, tcp_stream) {
        Ok(tls_stream) => tls_stream,
        Err(e) => {
            error!(
                "TLS handshake to {} failed: {}",
                configuration.remote_host, e
            );
            return;
        }
    };

    // The nonblocking needs to be set AFTER the TLS handshake is completed.
    // Otherwise the TLS handshake is interrupted.
    if let Err(e) = tls_stream.get_ref().set_nonblocking(true) {
        error!("Failed to set remote stream to nonblocking: {}", e);
        return;
    }

    let tls_stream = Arc::new(Mutex::new(tls_stream));

    let client_stream_clone = match client_stream.try_clone() {
        Ok(s) => s,
        Err(e) => {
            error!("Failed to clone client stream: {}", e);
            return;
        }
    };

    // Client to Server Thread
    let tls_stream_clone = Arc::clone(&tls_stream);
    let client_to_server = spawn(move || {
        debug!(">>> BEGIN");
        let mut buffer = [0u8; 8192];
        let mut client_reader = client_stream;
        loop {
            let bytes_read = match client_reader.read(&mut buffer) {
                Ok(0) => break,
                Ok(n) => n,
                Err(ref e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::WouldBlock => {
                    sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
                    continue;
                }
                Err(error) => {
                    debug!(">>> Error reading buffer {error}");
                    break;
                }
            };

            let mut command = buffer[..bytes_read].to_vec();

            if let Ok(mut guard) = available_middleware.lock() {
                for middleware in guard.iter_mut() {
                    command = middleware.client_message(&command);
                }
            }

            let debug_original = String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer[..bytes_read])
                .replace('\n', "\\n")
                .replace('\r', "\\r")
                .replace('\t', "\\t");

            let debug_final = String::from_utf8_lossy(&command)
                .replace('\n', "\\n")
                .replace('\r', "\\r")
                .replace('\t', "\\t");

            debug!(">>> {debug_original}");
            if debug_original != debug_final {
                debug!("### {debug_final}");
            }

            // Lock the TLS stream and write the data to server
            match tls_stream_clone.lock() {
                Ok(mut tls_guard) => {
                    if let Err(error) = tls_guard.write_all(&command) {
                        debug!(">>> Error writing to server: {error}");
                        break;
                    }
                    if let Err(error) = tls_guard.flush() {
                        debug!(">>> Error flushing server connection: {error}");
                        break;
                    }
                }
                Err(error) => {
                    debug!(">>> Error acquiring TLS stream lock: {error}");
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    });

    // Server to Client Thread
    let tls_stream_clone = Arc::clone(&tls_stream);
    let server_to_client = spawn(move || {
        debug!("<<< BEGIN");
        let mut buffer = [0u8; 8192];
        let mut client_writer = client_stream_clone;
        loop {
            // Lock the TLS stream and read from the server
            let bytes_read = match tls_stream_clone.lock() {
                Ok(mut tls_guard) => match tls_guard.read(&mut buffer) {
                    Ok(0) => break, // TLS server closed
                    Ok(n) => n,
                    Err(ref e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::WouldBlock => {
                        sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
                        continue;
                    }
                    Err(error) => {
                        debug!("<<< Error reading buffer {error}");
                        break;
                    }
                },
                Err(error) => {
                    debug!("<<< Error Cloning TLS {error}");
                    break;
                }
            };

            let mut command = buffer[..bytes_read].to_vec();

            if let Ok(mut guard) = available_middleware_clone.lock() {
                for middleware in guard.iter_mut() {
                    command = middleware.server_message(&command);
                }
            }

            let debug_original = String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer[..bytes_read])
                .replace('\n', "\\n")
                .replace('\r', "\\r")
                .replace('\t', "\\t");

            let debug_final = String::from_utf8_lossy(&command)
                .replace('\n', "\\n")
                .replace('\r', "\\r")
                .replace('\t', "\\t");
            debug!("<<< {debug_original}");
            if debug_original != debug_final {
                debug!("### {debug_final}");
            }

            // Write decrypted data to client
            if client_writer.write_all(&command).is_err() {
                debug!("<<< ERR");
                break;
            }
            if client_writer.flush().is_err() {
                debug!("<<< ERR");
                break;
            }
        }
    });

    // Wait for both directions to finish
    let _ = client_to_server.join();
    let _ = server_to_client.join();
}